Aug 31, 2019
The human rights group Iran Human Rights Monitor has published a new report, called "Enforced Disappearances in Iran and the 1988 Massacre," to mark the International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances on August 30, 2019.
Iran HRM's report pointed out the Iranian regime has a history of cracking down on its opponents. Incommunicado detentions, arbitrary abductions, summary executions, torture, and enforced disappearances are among practices commonly used against opponents.
Dissident intellectuals and students, ethnic groups and religious minorities, and members and supporters of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (
PMOI, Mujahedin-e Khalq or
MEK) have always been targeted, it said.
With the brutal suppression of the last demonstrations in Tehran and other cities which peacefully demanded freedom on June 20, 1981, the regime’s crackdown took a sharp turn and climaxed during the
1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners, Iran HRM wrote on August 29.
It added: "In summer 1988, a wave of intense killings began in Evin and Gohardasht prisons, in Tehran and Karaj, respectively. The mass executions then extended to other prisons all across the country. Tens of thousands of political prisoners mostly members of the PMOI were among victims of enforced disappearances in Iran and extra-judicially executed during the massacre."
Many of the victims had served long prison terms and were waiting to be released. Some had already completed their original sentences but were never released. Prisoners, including women and teenagers, were hanged within minutes of being questioned by members of the infamous “death commissions.”
Another important incident taking place outside the prisons but parallel to the massacres inside was the widespread enforced disappearances of former prisoners or supporters of the PMOI/MEK and their subsequent executions, the rights group said.
"The victims were hanged by forklift trucks and cranes or from beams in half-constructed buildings, in groups of five or six at half-hourly intervals all day long. Others were killed by firing squads," Iran HRM wrote.
"The number of those executed were too many to be buried individually. They were collectively ditched in purpose dug trenches constituting mass graves. This method had been used occasionally in Tehran and elsewhere since 1981, but in 1988 it became a systematic procedure to dispose of prisoners’ bodies."
"It is estimated that there are more than 120 mass graves across Iran that contain the remains of the victims of the 1988 enforced disappearances in Iran and killings."
The rights group pointed out that many relatives of the massacred victims were never told about the killings or where their loved ones had been buried.
Months later, the families desperate for information about their children or spouses, would be handed a plastic bag with their few possessions. They would be refused any information about the location of the graves and ordered never to mourn them in public.
In many cases, no death certificates were ever issued.
Families who sought to find the graves of their loved ones have been arrested and tortured.
The Iranian regime has so far, taken numerous measures all across Iran to eliminate the traces of the mass graves belonging to the victims of the 1988 massacre. They have built new buildings and roads on these graves, or have bulldozed them and turned them into new cemeteries.
None of the regime officials have ever been prosecuted for their involvement in the massacre and many of those involved are holding high positions of power within the government.
More than three decades after the harrowing 1988 massacre, the fate and whereabouts of victims of enforced disappearances are still unknown to their families.
It is almost impossible for the family members to achieve justice when many of the perpetrators of that crime against humanity are today in senior government posts and have never been held accountable.
Family members who dare to seek the truth and justice have faced relentless harassment, intimidation, arbitrary arrest, and detention, as well as torture and other ill-treatment.
Since 2016, the names of nearly 100 “Death Commission” members have been revealed.
Some of the officials in charge of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions and members of the Death Commissions are among the highest officials presently running the regime, including Chief Justice Ebrahim Raisi, the Head of the Supreme Court and the so-called Justice Minister. All of them, however, have enjoyed impunity.
A number of them, including the mullahs’ supreme leader Ali Khamenei, have openly defended the 1988 massacre. They have even said that they are proud of it.
Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity
So long as the details of the fates and whereabouts of that killed extra-judicially remain concealed, the crimes of enforced disappearances, committed at any time, will continue to remain as human rights violations not subject to any statute of limitations.
Meanwhile, recent remarks by
Mostafa Pour Mohammadi, advisor to Iran’s head of the Judiciary, where he defended the mass extrajudicial executions of 1988, shed light on the regime’s atrocities and how they continue to this day, underlining the need for a competent international court commissioned by the UN to bring its perpetrators to justice.
Pour Mohammadi was a member of Tehran “Death Commission” which ordered the executions of thousands of prisoners, who were serving their prison terms in 1988.
Pour Mohammadi, who served as Hassan Rouhani’s Minister of Justice (2013-2017), recently defended the horrific killings and enforced disappearances of thousands of dissidents who were mostly members of the PMOI/MEK.
Speaking to the weekly Mossallass, the 59-year-old Pour Mohammadi insisted that he should not be held accountable for the mass executions of summer of 1988. Instead, he blamed the victims, asserting that all remaining members of the PMOI should also be held responsible, tried, and punished.
When asked about the 1988 mass executions and the “slanders” directed at the regime for the massacre,
Mostafa Pour Mohammadi said the regime was “at war” and no one should expect it to follow “legal procedures and consider citizen and human rights” at a time of war.
Pour Mohammadi’s remarks provide a stark reminder of how the regime’s officials have become emboldened in continuing their crimes after years of
enjoying immunity as a result of the international community’s turning a blind eye on their atrocities.
To this day, the Iranian regime brands its opponents as “enemies of God” and executes them without a proper judicial process or legal representation.
Need for international action
Iran HRM's report said the international community and in particular, the UN is obliged to take all necessary measures to end impunity in this case.
"Failure to hold Tehran accountable would simply embolden the Iranian authorities to continue their gross human rights violations."
"We urge the international community, the UN Security Council, the UN Human Rights Council, and its member states, as well as other relevant United Nation agencies, the European Union, all advocates of human rights and justice to end the impunity of those responsible for the 1988 massacre."
"The time has come for referring the dossier of human rights violations in Iran, particularly the enforced disappearances and executions of the 1980s and the 1988 massacre of political prisoners, to the UN Security Council."
"The time has come for Khamenei and his accomplices to face justice for their crimes against humanity."
"The time has come for the United Nations to launch an international independent fact-finding mission to determine the fates of victims of enforced disappearances during the 1988 massacre in Iran," the rights group added.
